Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products. There is a much greater demand for shorter hydrocarbon than there is for the longer hydrocarbons. This is a thermal decomposition reaction known as cracking. During the study of alkenes in as chemistry, you learnt about addition polymers. Carbon compounds this section, carbon compounds covers what is crude oil. Chemistry revision notes on the topic addition polymerisation. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. Designed for gcse revision, this high res animation is comprehensive in its coverage. If you add up the number of hydrogen atoms in the above reaction, you will see that there are 22 on each side. Each repeat unit is connected to the adjacent units via covalent bonds. Learn about and revise fuels with this bbc bitesize gcse chemistry.
In the cracking process long chain hydrocarbons are broken. Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years. Two methods of cracking how to write a balanced equation for cracking what an alkene is, and how they differ from an alkane. These monomers the starting materials are often alkenes the process chemical reaction that turns monomers into polymers.
Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Two methods of cracking how to write a balanced equation for cracking what an alkene is, and how they differ from an alkane the test for alkenes the. Gcse chemistry revision covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single covalent bonds, alkenes, double covalent bonds, and cracking. Cracking an alkane produces a smaller alkane plus an alkene. Archived sciences revision programme from 2017 old syllabus the booklet below was issued to students at the start of january. This is because alkanes are saturated whereas alkenes are unsaturated which means that they can carry out addition reactions, required for polymerisation. Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids are different homologous series of organic compounds. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes.
To familiarise you with it, weve created this interactive quiz. Polymerisation happens when monomers react to form long chain polymer molecules. Struggling to get your head round revision and exams. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. Addition polymerisation more organic chemistry aqa. Before joining or doing any activity please read the guidelines of the. This summarises the key topics for the organic chemistry unit, including crude oil, the structure of alkanes, fractional distillation, properties of hydrocarbons, cracking, alkenes and polymerization. Its a process studied in gcse chemistry, so you need to understand it. Organic chemistry from the combined science aqa gcse chemistry specification. These processes break covalent bonds in the molecules, causing thermal decomposition reactions. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. Long chain hydrocarbons can be broken into smaller hydrocarbons, by heating with a catalyst. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons.
A short videoaudio guide explaining the essentials of cracking and polymerisation. These resources are specifically designed for senfoundation students studying gcse chemistry ocraqa. These revision notes on cracking hydrocarbons like alkanes in the. Home gcse study tools chemistry c1 alkenes, cracking and polymers. Condensation polymers polymers gcse chemistry single. Gcse science chemistry 91 triple addition polymers. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions.
Cracking edexcel gcse chemistry single science revision. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. C1 alkenes, cracking and polymers flashcards in gcse. They cover formation of crude oil, hydrocarbons, alkanes, fractional distillation, alkenes and polymerisation. Detailed revision notes on the topic addition polymers. Polymers a2levellevelrevision, chemistry, aromatics. Index of oil and organic chemistry gcseigcseo level revision.
In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert. An alkene is produced because the original alkane does not have enough hydrogen atoms to. For example, ethene molecules can react together to form polyethene, a polymer. Eduqas gce a2 chemistry detailed organic synthesis map and analysis. Revise and summarise the key information for unit 7. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Its written by teachers especially to help year 10 and year 11 students revise.
Condensation polymerisation involves a reaction between monomers with two different functional groups. Addition polymerisation edexcel gcse chemistry revision. In industry they use silica silicon oxide or alumina aluminium oxide. Aqa trilogy 9 1 cracking and alkenes teaching resources. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square. Learn about the properties of polymers and how they can be used with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. Cracking and polymerisation video teaching resources.
Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. Gcse science chemistry 91 triple condensation polymers duration. Give an example of a method by which cracking can be carried out. Polymerisation is the name given to the reaction that produces polymers. Alkenes can take part in reactions that alkanes cannot. A hydrocarbons are broken down 1 mark to produce smaller more useful molecules 1 mark. Gcse chemistry polymers all links to revision topics. The compounds are mainly a coal b sea creatures c alcohols d hydrocarbons. What is a polymer polymers are very large molecules sometimes called macromolecules. The process is known as catalytic cracking because it only happens in the presence of a catalyst substance which speeds up the reaction without being used up itself. Gcse chemistry senfoundation crude oil, alkanes, frac. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry.
Alkenes along with alkanes can be produced from cracking. Naturally occurring and synthetic polymers can be formed. Links to all of the revision topics for polymers 55 products from oil. Each polymer molecule is a long chain of mainly carbon atoms polymers are made from many smaller molecules, called monomers. But when some of the fractions of crude oil are cracked, a whole new world of chemistry opens up. Cracking and polymerization video teaching resources. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. Gcse chemistry what is the chemistry of the cracking of.
The reason for this is that cracking produces a new family of. Cracking and alkenes gcse chemistry single science revision. Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. The whole of aqa chemistry paper 2 or c2 in only 48 minutes 91 gcse chemistry revision duration. This type of polymerisation is called addition polymerisation. Gcse polymerisation revise reaction of monomer molecules.
When these types of monomers react they join together, usually losing a small molecule such as water, and so the reactions are called condensation reactions. It breaks the revision for biology, chemistry and physics down into weekly areas to revise, cross linked to the relevant revision guide pages and revision workbook pages. Cracking breakes longer chain molecules to smaller alkane and alkene molecules as there is high demand for. Gcse chemistry science revision resouces for carbon compounds covering what is crude oil.
Cracking is a reaction in which larger saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated. Polymers are large molecules built by linking 50 or more smaller molecules called monomers. Gcse chemistry revision worksheets on polymers and polymerisation can be accessed via this dedicated page. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. Gcse chemistry revision worksheets on organic chemistry and crude oilcan be accessed via this dedicated page. Polymers, monomers, crude oil, cracking and hydrocarbons. Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons. Cracking is used to a get more oil b make more useful compounds c make oil thinner d make oil quieter when used as a fuel for cars. High octane starter to inject pace which is easily adapted for other lessons.